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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Saint John's Cavalier ： ウィキペディア英語版 Saint John's Cavalier Saint John's Cavalier is a 16th-century Cavalier which forms part of the city walls of Valletta, Malta. Originally nine Cavaliers were planned, but eventually only two were built, Saint John's and Saint James Cavalier. They were both designed by military engineer Francesco Laparelli da Cortona, who, on his departure from Malta in 1569, entrusted the continuation of his work to Maltese architect Girolamo Cassar. The Cavalier is now Embassy of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in Malta. The building is located close to the City Gate Arcade and Hastings Gardens. It overlooks Saint John's Bastion. ==History== Faced with the continuing threat of Turkish attack and the weaknesses caused by the Great Siege of Malta in 1565, the Knights of Malta had to decide whether to abandon the island, or attempt its restoration. Grandmaster Jean Parisot de Valette preferred to stay and ask for aid, which promptly arrived from several quarters, most notably Pope Pius V, who sent not only financial assistance but also the famed military engineer Francesco Laparelli de Cortona. It is Laparelli who masterminded the plan of Valletta as we see it today. On his departure in 1569 Laparelli entrusted the continuation of his work to Maltese architect Girolamo Cassar. St. John's (as well as St. James) was among the first buildings to be built in the city, after the Church of Our Lady of Victories. It was built as a raised platform on which guns were placed to defend the city against attacks from the land side, in the area were the town of Floriana was later built. As well as prohibiting entry, St. John's could also threaten those who had already breached the city's defences. Despite the impression of size given by the external aspect of the building, half of the structure was filled with compressed earth and the rest consisted of series of sparse chambers and a ramp by which cannons could reach the roof. Architecturally it was not designed to rival the more sophisticated Auberges but as a utilitarian, no-nonsense solution to a straightforward defensive problem. The Cavalier was used by British forces during the Second World War. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saint John's Cavalier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.